Ranch Water Quality Plans

Ranch Water Quality Plans: A Part of California’s Environmental Protection Agency’s State Water Resources Control Board

Since 1995, the University of California Cooperative Extension, the USDA’s Natural Resources Conservation Service, and other state advisory committees have been shepherding Ranch Water Quality Planning Short Courses for rangeland owners. According to the UC Davis California Rangelands website, “From 1997 to 2004 more than 800 ranchers have attended this short course, developing plans for more than 1.5 million acres of privately owned rangeland. Based on a survey conducted in 2002-2003, two-thirds of the ranchers who took the course implemented ‘best management practices’ that address potential pollution sources that they identified in their water quality plans.”

The purpose of these courses is to teach rangeland owners and managers about non-point source pollution, help them identify potential pollution sources on their property, and show them the ecological benefits of livestock grazing when done correctly. And it is all in an effort to develop a water quality plan for their land.

Since livestock grazing was identified as one of the many contributors of water contaminants, such as the amount of sediment and pathogens in the Sonoma Creek and Napa River, the conditional livestock grazing waiver is part of the Ranch Water Quality Plan. It is meant to reduce these contaminants by educating and implementing appropriate grazing practices.

In spite of some of the negative perceptions regarding the impacts of livestock grazing, as well as the increasing government regulations on grazing and water quality, there are many benefits that proper livestock grazing techniques can provide. These include supporting local economies, improving wildlife habitats, increasing food production, managing invasive weeds, decreasing the risk and intensity of wildfires, and, of course, improving water quality.

California’s agricultural infrastructure is supported in part by livestock, such as beef cattle and sheep. The rural regions that these species inhabit are being maintained by grazing, and the undeveloped land remains productive even when uncultivated.

Grazed rangelands also improve the habitat for wildlife, as long as they are being managed appropriately by rangeland owners. For instance, many songbirds, raptor birds and the endangered Tiger Salamander thrive when these rangelands are grazed to appropriate residue levels. This is because rangelands that are not properly grazed by livestock exhibit poor nesting habitats, encumber the natural migration of Tiger Salamanders, and allow rodents to hide from hungry raptor birds in the excess thatch.

Another interesting benefit of livestock grazing in California’s rangelands is food production. The beef and sheep who graze on the forage in these rangelands utilize a resource that otherwise would provide no real value.

Some of the invasive weed species prevalent in California’s rangelands include barb goatgrass, yellow starthistle and medusahead. These can also be managed by livestock grazing.

An additional benefit to livestock grazing is that it is a practical and cost-effective method of reducing the risk and intensity of wildfires in the rangelands. The other options, which include mowing, controlled burning and herbicides, are difficult and expensive to implement on such as a large scale.

For more information on the Ranch Water Quality Plan, visit http://californiarangeland.ucdavis.edu.

The 24th Annual Great Sonoma Wine and Crab Fest

2013 sonoma crab feed

The Sonoma County Farm Bureau is bringing the 24th Annual Great Sonoma Wine and Crab Fest to the Grace Pavilion at the Sonoma County Fairgrounds in Santa Rosa, Calif. on Feb. 2, 2013, from 5-8 p.m. Scheduled festivities include award-winning wines paired with a Sonoma Coast crab dinner and tasty gourmet hors d’oeuvres prepared by local chefs, as well as silent and live auctions. In order to take part in the celebration of local agriculture and to help support scholarship and agricultural education programs, the Sonoma County Farm Bureau asks that participants RSVP no later than Jan. 25, 2013.

When you RSVP for the event, you are given three ticket options to choose from. The preferred ticket option includes a Captain’s Table for 10 people. At $95 per person, the Captain’s Table includes private reserved seating and a wait staff to provide a luxury dining experience for you and your guests. The next seating option is a Reserved Table for 10 people at $80 per person, or you can purchase individual tickets for $75 each.

Beginning at 5 p.m., guests can enjoy special pairings of award-winning wines and hors d’oeuvres while browsing through items in the silent auction. Then at 6:30 p.m., a Sonoma Coast crab dinner will be served before the excitement of the live auction goes full swing.

For restaurants interested in participating, there is a Culinary Participation Form available on the Sonoma County Farm Bureau website. In order to take part in the Great Sonoma Wine and Crab Fest, it is asked that the restaurant prepare and serve hors d’oeuvres and appetizers for 300-plus people. The restaurant’s reception table must be set up by 4:30 p.m. on the day of the event, and it must include restaurant displays, decorations and/or signage, as well as heating and serving materials.

For wineries interested in participating, there is a Winery Participation Form available on the Sonoma County Farm Bureau website. In order to take part in the Great Sonoma Wine and Crab Fest, it is asked that the winery owner, winemaker or a winery representative pour select wines for guests during the reception. Materials such as spit buckets, wine glasses and banquet tables with white linen tablecloths will be provided. However, the winery must set up displays, decorations and/or signage. It is also asked that all wineries be set up by 4:30 p.m. on the day of the event.

The Sonoma County Farm Bureau’s Great Sonoma Wine and Crab Fest is a fundraising event above all else, and they greatly appreciate donations for the live and silent auctions. Any person interested in donating for the event in order to support agricultural education, scholarships and agriculture in the classroom activities is asked to please visit the Donation Item Form link on the Sonoma County Farm Bureau website. Suggested donation items include vacation rentals, wine pairing dinners, event tickets, gift baskets and even cash donations. All donors will be recognized in the Sonoma-Marin Farm News and on the Sonoma County Farm Bureau website.

Please visit www.sonomafb.org or contact the Sonoma County Farm Bureau at (707) 544-5575 if you have questions.

Different Types of Wire Fencing

wire fence north bayAlmost every farm and ranch supply store offers multiple types of wire fencing to meet basically any fencing need you may have, whether the fence is meant to keep livestock in, keep predators out, or simply to mark the perimeters of your property. If you’re in market for a wire fence, consider the many different types and sizes of wire fencing available, and also research and ask around to find out exactly what type of wire fence would benefit your specific needs.

Common wire fence types include galvanized wire mesh, PVC coated hex wire, fixed knot field wire, barbed and non-barbed wire, high tensile smooth wire and welded wire panels. There are also wire fencing options available that are specifically designed to keep birds, foxes, deer, rabbits and other pests out.

Galvanized Wire Mesh
Galvanized wire mesh comes in a variety of diameters, heights and gauges, including 14 gauge, 16 gauge, 19 gauge, 20 gauge, 22 gauge, 23 gauge, 24 gauge and so on.

This type of wire fencing typically comes in large rolls, ranging from 10 feet to 50 feet to 100 feet long.

PVC Coated Hex Wire
The PVC coating on this type of fencing is applied after galvanizing, and it protects the wire from rust and rot even after years of exposure to the sun and the elements, providing great durability and versatility.

PVC coated hex wire is ideal for containing livestock and poultry, as well as keeping out birds and other unwanted pests.

Fixed Knot Field Wire
Fixed knot field wire fences are considered to last roughly three to four times longer than ordinary farm and ranch fences because the fixed knots do not slip, move or lose grip when subjected to pressure by livestock.

The fixed knots increase the vertical strength of the fence by including a separate wire piece wrapped tightly around the line wire and the stay wire. This allows for more space between posts, which reduces the cost of materials and construction.

Another benefit to the strength, durability and elasticity of fixed knot field wire fences is its ability to resist stretching.

Welded Wire Panels
Welded wire panels are great for livestock because the heavy duty wire rods are welded at every intersection, and then the panels are heavily galvanized with a thick zinc coating.

This type of wire fencing is great for hay stack protection, loafing areas, corrals, runs and pens, and stall dividers.

High Tensile Smooth Wire
High tensile smooth wire fencing comes in strands and can easily be used with electricity if desired.

The wires are flexible and can be bent, wrapped, tied and/or clamped. Advantages include low maintenance, low cost, long life, neat appearance and ease of use.

Barbed Wire
Barbed wire consists of one wire or a strand of wires with small, sharp and tightly twisted wire pieces attached in regular intervals.

There are also non-barbed wire fencing products available on the market. Non-barbed wire is perfect for sections of fence where strength is required but barbs are not needed. Non-barbed wire also helps prevent damage to prized livestock.

Different Types of Fence Post

santa rosa fence postGood, sturdy fence posts are the heart and soul of a proper and useful fence. The posts that make up a line of fencing can be made from wood, steel, plastic, aluminum or another type of strong, solid material. Each type of fence post serves a unique function, and it is the sum of all of the parts that make for a fence that a rancher or farm owner can be proud of.

Different types of fence posts are outlined below, as well as a couple tools and accessories that come in handy when constructing and completing a fence.

End Posts: An end post is only punched on one side because it is a fence post that marks the end of a line of fencing. End posts are also used as terminal posts and as gate posts.

Corner Posts: A good fence requires a well-braced corner post. A corner post is usually larger than a line post because it must withstand a large, constant amount of pressure. Corner posts must be designed and installed with strength in mind.

Line Posts: Line posts are the intermediate fence posts placed every ten feet or less to support the top rail or tension/barb wire.

Gate Posts: The hinges and/or latches of a gate are attached to the gate post. A gate post may also be used as a terminal post.

Terminal Posts: A terminal post may also be an end post, gate post, corner post or pull post. It is the basic load-bearing post to or from which a line of fencing is stretched.

Pull Posts: Pull posts are used in the process of creating a fence along a steep grade. These fences are often referred to as “stair-steps” because the equal sections of fence at different levels create the appearance of stairs or steps along the grade. The terminal posts used to change the elevation along the line of fencing are known as pull posts.

Post Cap: A top that is tightly fit onto fence posts to keep out rain water.

Post Driver: A post driver is a tool that is used to drive fencing posts down into the ground.

There is a lot more to building a fence than just driving posts into the ground and repeatedly stretching wire or wood boards across them. If the fence posts are not sturdy enough to withstand the tremendous amounts of pressure exerted on them, then the fence will sag and eventually fail. This is especially true if the fence itself is meant to contain livestock, because horses are known to enjoy scratching their heads and necks on the top wires of a fence and cows continuously reach under the bottom wire or rail to get to the better grass on the other side. And sometimes it is even more important that a fence keep pests and predators out, rather than keeping the good animals in. Dogs and coyotes are notorious for being crafty when it comes to getting inside a fence that contains sheep or other tasty treats, so a strong and tight fence is essential for multiple reasons.

Sustainable Ranch and Vineyard Practices

sustainable vineyardThe term “sustainable” means to endure the long-term management responsibilities of resource and land use so that present and future generations are able to reap the benefits. This includes meeting present needs while simultaneously considering the impact of grazing habits, consumption, waste, wildlife conservation, land management and more. The overall quality of the natural resources left for future generations to enjoy and the responsibility that land owners possess in relation to the rest of the world must be factored into the daily decisions and habits of ranchers, growers and farmers alike.

The requirements for sustainable production include environmentally friendly, socially responsible and economically sensible practices, with perhaps the largest concern being the local landscape and way of life of the plants and animals in any particular region. That is where recycling, composting and solar and wind energy greatly aids farms, vineyards and ranches, as well as the future generations who stand to benefit from the land and resources we leave behind. In addition to the aforementioned practices, slight changes in grazing routine and grazing management, combined with fewer chemicals, are great ways to do your part and save a little coin at the same time. The ranging habits of cattle, if performed correctly, can increase plant growth, help prevent erosion, reduce waterway damage, promote wildlife diversity, increase biomass and provide fertilization through nitrogen-rich urine and feces – and these are only some of the positive impacts.

Sustainable practices are an ongoing journey, with new and improved techniques popping up each year. These measures include fostering the soil, respecting native ecosystems and reducing environmental impact. Also, water conservation, erosion control, the implementation of beneficial insects, reduction or total refusal of herbicides and pesticides, composting, recycling and overall reducing the use of resources are integral in sustainability. With respect to the environment, the best practices and quality assurance is met with customer satisfaction, both locally and globally.

Consumer Stamp of Approval

With the recent and steady rise in popularity of sustainable practices comes profit and the potential to save growers, farmers and ranchers money. In general, consumers are often willing to spend a little more for the higher quality products associated with sustainable practices. For example, naturally-raised and hormone-free meat (free range chickens and free roaming, grass fed cows), non-GMO products, pesticide and herbicide free produce and sustainably-produced wool are all products that folks are willing to spend a little more money on for the quality.

A Little More

The sustainable ranching trend has even reached Hollywood and the film making industry. The film “The New Frontier: Sustainable Ranching in the American West” is a short documentary focusing on the controversy and social, political and scientific implications of sustainable ranching efforts. Here is the summary, according to the film’s website: “Shot on three family ranches in the Rockies of Colorado, southern New Mexico and Central Texas Blackland Prairie, the film examines cultural, scientific, political and philosophical considerations concerning environmental stewardship, the traditions of ranching families and communities, collaborations between ranchers, ecologists and environmentalists, and the controversial but often successful use of grazing animals to improve land and animal water biodiversity and healthy watersheds.” Watch the film trailer here: http://www.newfrontierfilm.com

All in all, sustainability is a lifestyle. It is the decisions you make daily as a person and/or a business to help humans and nature co-exist harmoniously. The main goal of these practices is simple: to reduce the use of natural resources and to help sustain a healthy environment for ourselves, our children, their children, and so on.